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Detekce virových zoonóz v biologických vzorcích z polárních oblastí
LIDUCHOVÁ, Tereza
This work is focus on detection of zoonotic viruses from Greenland and Svalbard and it is divided into two parts. In the first part, the detection of the Sindbis virus genomic RNA was conducted in mosquitoes samples of Ochlerotatus nigripes collected in Svalbard and Greenland by using molecular biology methods. There was no repeatedly confirmed positive result of viral RNA in the mosquitoes samples. The presence of arboviruses in polar areas can not be completely excluded. However, the prevalence is very low so other researches are needed. In the second part, the screening of samples of cloacal swabs and samples of oropharyngeal swabs from seabird Rissa tridactyla collected in Svalbard was conducted to detect Avian Influenza A virus by using RT-qPCR. The positive result was not repeatedly confirmed as well as in case of Sindbis virus.
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Zoonózy v Peru
Gajdová, Klára
The diploma thesis deals with infectious diseases transmitted from animals to humans. These diseases have a significant impact on public health and the economy around the world, especially in less developed countries. The theoretical part defines the infectious and epidemic process of the disease, including the source of the causative agent and factors that influence the incidence and spread of diseases. The practical part analyzes the situation of the occurrence of endemic diseases occurring in Peru and compares them with the situation in neighboring states using the beta and sigma convergence methods. The results are presented by a correlation diagram. In conclusion, the situation of selected diseases is evaluated and suggestions are made to improve the epidemiological situation and recommendations to those traveling to this country, both for work and study, as well as for tourism.
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Listeria sp.
Králíková, Lenka ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor) ; Janďourek, Ondřej (referee)
Author: Lenka Králíková Title: Listeria spp. Bachelor thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové Field of study: Medical Labolatory Background: The bachelor thesis aims to describe Listeria spp. Describe the division of genus, morphology and laboratory diagnostics. More attention is paid to Listeria monocytogenes as it is a major source of infection in humans. Another aim is to describe the occurrence of L. monocytogenes in food, its antigenic structure, pathogenesis and the disease it causes. Main findings: Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterium present everywhere. It was found in fresh water, clay, plant material and waste water. The main source of infection for humans is contaminated food. They are most often found in unpasteurized milk, matured cheeses or poorly cooked meat or vegetables. Bacteria causes a disease called listeriosis, which is especially dangerous for newborns, elderly people, pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals. The disease occurs rather sporadically. There was confirmed from 30 to 37 cases per year in the Czech Republic between years 2008-2017. There was also an epidemic in Africa in 2017-2018, it was the largest epidemic in the world. In the event of infection, both the laboratory and the physician are obliged to report the positivity...
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Bats - viral Pandora's box
Mejsnar, Martin ; Saláková, Martina (advisor) ; Kuthan, Martin (referee)
Bats, as a very old order of mammals, are significant reservoirs of viral pathogens and in many cases are also scientifically proven carriers of the viruses. These viruses are becoming more and more known, mainly due to the growing human population and thus the frequent contact of humans and bats. In this work I will follow up only some zoonoses that the Chiroptera family carries and I selected them according to their scientific knowledge and, of course, the impact on human society. However, this area is still full of information unclear or completely unknown, so further research is desirable. The basic methods of virus identification that are used to investigate new viruses are discussed in the second part. Key words: bats, virus, zoonosis, reservoir, epidemics
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Reptiles-potential vectors of zoonoses
Chadimová, Kristýna ; Kubík, Štěpán (advisor)
Zoonoses are infectious diseases transmissible from animals to humans. There are currently more acute zoonotic disease and the number of people infected rising year after year. It is found that 75% of all emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic. If untreated, the disease can have fatal consequences. In my work I focus on zoonoses, the carrier is a reptile. Reptiles, especially turtles and scaly, becoming a favorite exotic animals experienced breeders, but also beginners which brings many problems and the occurrence of zoonoses. Failure to comply with hygiene and buying reptiles from the wild, which has not undergone quarantine or veterinary examination, guarantees worries. In this work I deal with not only the description of frequent and serious zoonoses, the originator may be a reptile, but also the prevention of diseases and zoonoses consequence for humans.
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